- CSS Introduction
- CSS Syntax
- CSS Selectors
- How To Add CSS
- CSS Comments
- CSS Backgrounds
- CSS Borders
- CSS Margins
- CSS Padding
- CSS Height - Width
- CSS Box Model
- CSS Outline
- CSS Text
- CSS Links
- CSS Lists
- CSS Tables
- CSS Display
- CSS Max-width
- CSS Position
- CSS Overflow
- CSS Float
- CSS Inline-block
- CSS Align
- CSS Combinators
- CSS Pseudo-classes
- CSS Pseudo-elements
- CSS Opacity
- CSS Navigation Bar
- CSS Dropdowns
- CSS Image Gallery
- CSS Attr Selectors
- CSS Forms
- CSS Counters
- CSS Website Layout
- CSS !important
- CSS Rounded Corners
- CSS Border Images
- CSS Backgrounds
- CSS Colors
- CSS Color Keywords
- CSS Gradients
- CSS Radial Gradients
- CSS Text Effects
- CSS Web Fonts
- CSS 2D Transforms
- CSS 3D Transforms
- CSS Transitions
- CSS Animations
- CSS Tooltip
- CSS Image Reflection
- CSS The Object-fit
- CSS Object-position
- CSS Button
- CSS Pagination
- CSS Multiple Columns
- CSS User Interface
- CSS Variables
- CSS Box-sizing
- CSS Media Queries
- CSS Flexbox
CSS Pseudo-elements
Pseudo-Elements
A CSS pseudo-element is used to style specified parts of an element.
For example, it can be used to:
- Style the first letter, or line, of an element
- Insert content before, or after, the content of an element
property: value;
}
The ::first-line Pseudo-element
The ::first-line
pseudo-element is used to add a special style to the first line of a text.
The following example formats the first line of the text in all p elements:
<html>
<head>
<style>
p::first-line {
color: #ff0000;
font-variant: small-caps;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>You can use the ::first-line pseudo-element to add a special effect to the first line of a text. Some more text. And even more, and more, and more, and more, and more, and more, and more, and more, and more, and more, and more, and more.</p>
</body>
</html>
The ::first-letter Pseudo-element
The ::first-letter
pseudo-element is used to add a special style to the first letter of a text.
The following example formats the first letter of the text in all p elements:
<html>
<head>
<style>
p::first-letter {
color: #ff0000;
font-size: xx-large;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>You can use the ::first-letter pseudo-element to add a special effect to the first character of a text!</p>
</body>
</html>
Pseudo-elements And CSS Classes
Pseudo-elements can be combined with CSS classes:
<html>
<head>
<style>
p.intro::first-letter {
color: #ff0000;
font-size: 200%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p class="intro">This is an introduction.</p>
<p>This is a paragraph with some text. A bit more text even.</p>
</body>
</html>
Multiple Pseudo-elements
Several pseudo-elements can also be combined.
In the following example, the first letter of a paragraph will be red, in an xx-large font size. The rest of the first line will be blue, and in small-caps. The rest of the paragraph will be the default font size and color:
<html>
<head>
<style>
p::first-letter {
color: #ff0000;
font-size: xx-large;
}
p::first-line {
color: #0000ff;
font-variant: small-caps;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>You can combine the ::first-letter and ::first-line pseudo-elements to add a special effect to the first letter and the first line of a text!</p>
</body>
</html>
CSS - The ::before Pseudo-element
The ::before
pseudo-element can be used to insert some content before the content of an element.
The following example inserts an image before the content of each <h1> element:
<html>
<head>
<style>
h1::before {
content: url(smiley.gif);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>The ::before pseudo-element inserts content before the content of an element.</p>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
</body>
</html>
CSS - The ::after Pseudo-element
The ::after
pseudo-element can be used to insert some content after the content of an element.
The following example inserts an image after the content of each h1 element:
<html>
<head>
<style>
h1::after {
content: url(smiley.gif);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>The ::after pseudo-element inserts content after the content of an element.</p>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
</body>
CSS - The ::marker Pseudo-element
The ::marker
pseudo-element selects the markers of list items.
The following example styles the markers of list items.
<html>
<head>
<style>
::marker {
color: red;
font-size: 23px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>First</li>
<li>Second</li>
<li>Third</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>
CSS - The ::selection Pseudo-element
The ::selection
pseudo-element matches the portion of an element that is selected by a user.
The following CSS properties can be applied to ::selection
: color
, background
, cursor
, and outline
.
The following example makes the selected text red on a yellow background.
<html>
<head>
<style>
::-moz-selection { /* Code for Firefox */
color: red;
background: yellow;
}
::selection {
color: red;
background: yellow;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Select some text on this page:</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<div>This is some text in a div element.</div>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> Firefox supports an alternative, the ::-moz-selection property.</p>
</body>
</html>
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