- CSS Introduction
- CSS Syntax
- CSS Selectors
- How To Add CSS
- CSS Comments
- CSS Backgrounds
- CSS Borders
- CSS Margins
- CSS Padding
- CSS Height - Width
- CSS Box Model
- CSS Outline
- CSS Text
- CSS Links
- CSS Lists
- CSS Tables
- CSS Display
- CSS Max-width
- CSS Position
- CSS Overflow
- CSS Float
- CSS Inline-block
- CSS Align
- CSS Combinators
- CSS Pseudo-classes
- CSS Pseudo-elements
- CSS Opacity
- CSS Navigation Bar
- CSS Dropdowns
- CSS Image Gallery
- CSS Attr Selectors
- CSS Forms
- CSS Counters
- CSS Website Layout
- CSS !important
- CSS Rounded Corners
- CSS Border Images
- CSS Backgrounds
- CSS Colors
- CSS Color Keywords
- CSS Gradients
- CSS Radial Gradients
- CSS Text Effects
- CSS Web Fonts
- CSS 2D Transforms
- CSS 3D Transforms
- CSS Transitions
- CSS Animations
- CSS Tooltip
- CSS Image Reflection
- CSS The Object-fit
- CSS Object-position
- CSS Button
- CSS Pagination
- CSS Multiple Columns
- CSS User Interface
- CSS Variables
- CSS Box-sizing
- CSS Media Queries
- CSS Flexbox
CSS Combinators
CSS Combinators
A CSS selector can contain more than one simple selector. Between the simple selectors, we can include a combinator.
There are four different combinators in CSS:
- descendant selector (space)
- child selector (>)
- adjacent sibling selector (+)
- general sibling selector (~)
Descendant Selector
The descendant selector matches all elements that are descendants of a specified element.
The following example selects all <p> elements inside div elements:
<html>
<head>
<style>
div p {
background-color: yellow;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Descendant Selector</h2>
<p>The descendant selector matches all elements that are descendants of a specified element.</p>
<div>
<p>Paragraph 1 in the div.</p>
<p>Paragraph 2 in the div.</p>
<section><p>Paragraph 3 in the div.</p></section>
</div>
<p>Paragraph 4. Not in a div.</p>
<p>Paragraph 5. Not in a div.</p>
</body>
</html>
Child Selector (>)
The child selector selects all elements that are the children of a specified element.
The following example selects all <p> elements that are children of a <div> element.
<html>
<head>
<style>
div > p {
background-color: yellow;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Child Selector</h2>
<p>The child selector (>) selects all elements that are the children of a specified element.</p>
<div>
<p>Paragraph 1 in the div.</p>
<p>Paragraph 2 in the div.</p>
<section><p>Paragraph 3 in the div.</p></section> <!-- not Child but Descendant -->
<p>Paragraph 4 in the div.</p>
</div>
<p>Paragraph 5. Not in a div.</p>
<p>Paragraph 6. Not in a div.</p>
</body>
</html>
Adjacent Sibling Selector (+)
The adjacent sibling selector is used to select an element that is directly after another specific element.
Sibling elements must have the same parent element, and "adjacent" means "immediately following".
The following example selects the first p element that are placed immediately after div elements:
<html>
<head>
<style>
div + p {
background-color: yellow;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Adjacent Sibling Selector</h2>
<p>The + selector is used to select an element that is directly after another specific element.</p>
<p>The following example selects the first p element that are placed immediately after div elements:</p>
<div>
<p>Paragraph 1 in the div.</p>
<p>Paragraph 2 in the div.</p>
</div>
<p>Paragraph 3. After a div.</p>
<p>Paragraph 4. After a div.</p>
<div>
<p>Paragraph 5 in the div.</p>
<p>Paragraph 6 in the div.</p>
</div>
<p>Paragraph 7. After a div.</p>
<p>Paragraph 8. After a div.</p>
</body>
</html>
General Sibling Selector (~)
The general sibling selector selects all elements that are siblings of a specified element.
The following example selects all p elements that are siblings of div elements:
<html>
<head>
<style>
div ~ p {
background-color: yellow;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>General Sibling Selector</h2>
<p>The general sibling selector (~) selects all elements that are siblings of a specified element.</p>
<p>Paragraph 1.</p>
<div>
<p>Paragraph 2.</p>
</div>
<p>Paragraph 3.</p>
<code>Some code.</code>
<p>Paragraph 4.</p>
</body>
</html>
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