- CSS Introduction
- CSS Syntax
- CSS Selectors
- How To Add CSS
- CSS Comments
- CSS Backgrounds
- CSS Borders
- CSS Margins
- CSS Padding
- CSS Height - Width
- CSS Box Model
- CSS Outline
- CSS Text
- CSS Links
- CSS Lists
- CSS Tables
- CSS Display
- CSS Max-width
- CSS Position
- CSS Overflow
- CSS Float
- CSS Inline-block
- CSS Align
- CSS Combinators
- CSS Pseudo-classes
- CSS Pseudo-elements
- CSS Opacity
- CSS Navigation Bar
- CSS Dropdowns
- CSS Image Gallery
- CSS Attr Selectors
- CSS Forms
- CSS Counters
- CSS Website Layout
- CSS !important
- CSS Rounded Corners
- CSS Border Images
- CSS Backgrounds
- CSS Colors
- CSS Color Keywords
- CSS Gradients
- CSS Radial Gradients
- CSS Text Effects
- CSS Web Fonts
- CSS 2D Transforms
- CSS 3D Transforms
- CSS Transitions
- CSS Animations
- CSS Tooltip
- CSS Image Reflection
- CSS The Object-fit
- CSS Object-position
- CSS Button
- CSS Pagination
- CSS Multiple Columns
- CSS User Interface
- CSS Variables
- CSS Box-sizing
- CSS Media Queries
- CSS Flexbox
CSS Position
CSS Layout - The Position Property
The position
property specifies the type of positioning method used for an element (static, relative, fixed, absolute or sticky).
The position Property
The position
property specifies the type of positioning method used for an element.
There are five different position values:
static
relative
fixed
absolute
sticky
Elements are then positioned using the top, bottom, left, and right properties. However, these properties will not work unless the position
property is set first. They also work differently depending on the position value.
Position: Static
HTML elements are positioned static by default.
Static positioned elements are not affected by the top, bottom, left, and right properties.
An element with position: static;
is not positioned in any special way; it is always positioned according to the normal flow of the page:
<html>
<head>
<style>
div.static {
position: static;
border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>position: static;</h2>
<p>An element with position: static; is not positioned in any special way; it is
always positioned according to the normal flow of the page:</p>
<div class="static">
This div element has position: static;
</div>
</body>
</html>
Position: Relative
An element with position: relative;
is positioned relative to its normal position.
Setting the top, right, bottom, and left properties of a relatively-positioned element will cause it to be adjusted away from its normal position. Other content will not be adjusted to fit into any gap left by the element.
<html>
<head>
<style>
div.relative {
position: relative;
left: 30px;
border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>position: relative;</h2>
<p>An element with position: relative; is positioned relative to its normal position:</p>
<div class="relative">
This div element has position: relative;
</div>
</body>
</html>
Position: Fixed
An element with position: fixed;
is positioned relative to the viewport, which means it always stays in the same place even if the page is scrolled. The top, right, bottom, and left properties are used to position the element.
A fixed element does not leave a gap in the page where it would normally have been located.
Notice the fixed element in the lower-right corner of the page. Here is the CSS that is used.
<html>
<head>
<style>
div.fixed {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
right: 0;
width: 300px;
border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>position: fixed;</h2>
<p>An element with position: fixed; is positioned relative to the viewport, which means it always stays in the same place even if the page is scrolled:</p>
<div class="fixed">
This div element has position: fixed;
</div>
</body>
</html>
Position: Absolute
An element with position: absolute;
is positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor (instead of positioned relative to the viewport, like fixed).
However; if an absolute positioned element has no positioned ancestors, it uses the document body, and moves along with page scrolling.
Note: A "positioned" element is one whose position is anything except static
.
<html>
<head>
<style>
div.relative {
position: relative;
width: 400px;
height: 200px;
border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}
div.absolute {
position: absolute;
top: 80px;
right: 0;
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
border: 3px solid #73AD21;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>position: absolute;</h2>
<p>An element with position: absolute; is positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor (instead of positioned relative to the viewport, like fixed):</p>
<div class="relative">This div element has position: relative;
<div class="absolute">This div element has position: absolute;</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Position: Sticky
An element with position: sticky;
is positioned based on the user's scroll position.
A sticky element toggles between relative
and fixed
, depending on the scroll position. It is positioned relative until a given offset position is met in the viewport - then it "sticks" in place (like position:fixed).
<html>
<head>
<style>
div.sticky {
position: -webkit-sticky;
position: sticky;
top: 0;
padding: 5px;
background-color: #cae8ca;
border: 2px solid #4CAF50;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Try to <b>scroll</b> inside this frame to understand how sticky positioning works.</p>
<div class="sticky">I am sticky!</div>
<div style="padding-bottom:2000px">
<p>In this example, the sticky element sticks to the top of the page (top: 0), when you reach its scroll position.</p>
<p>Scroll back up to remove the stickyness.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling.. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
<p>Some text to enable scrolling.. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, illum definitiones no quo, maluisset concludaturque et eum, altera fabulas ut quo. Atqui causae gloriatur ius te, id agam omnis evertitur eum. Affert laboramus repudiandae nec et. Inciderint efficiantur his ad. Eum no molestiae voluptatibus.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Overlapping Elements
When elements are positioned, they can overlap other elements.
The z-index
property specifies the stack order of an element (which element should be placed in front of, or behind, the others).
An element can have a positive or negative stack order:
<html>
<head>
<style>
img {
position: absolute;
left: 0px;
top: 0px;
z-index: -1;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<img src="w3css.gif" width="100" height="140">
<p>Because the image has a z-index of -1, it will be placed behind the text.</p>
</body>
</html>
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