- C++ Introduction
- C++ Getting Started
- C++ Syntax
- C++ Output (Print Text)
- C++ Comments
- C++ Variables
- C++ Declare Multiple Variables
- C++ Identifiers
- C++ User Input
- C++ Data Types
- C++ Operators
- C++ Strings
- C++ Math
- C++ Booleans
- C++ Conditions
- C++ Switch
- C++ While Loop
- C++ For Loop
- C++ Break And Continue
- C++ Arrays
- C++ References
- C++ Pointers
- C++ Functions
- C++ Function Overloading
- C++ OOP
- C++ Classes And Objects
- C++ Class Methods
- C++ Constructors
- C++ Access Specifiers
- C++ Encapsulation
- C++ Inheritance
- C++ Multilevel Inheritance
- C++ Multiple Inheritance
- C++ Inheritance Access
- C++ Polymorphism
- C++ Files
- C++ Exceptions
- C++ How To Add Two Numbers
C++ Data Types
C++ Data Types
As explained in the Variables chapter, a variable in C++ must be a specified data type:
Example
float myFloatNum = 5.99; // Floating point number
double myDoubleNum = 9.98; // Floating point number
char myLetter = 'D'; // Character
bool myBoolean = true; // Boolean
string myText = "Hello"; // String
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Basic Data Types
The data type specifies the size and type of information the variable will store:
| Data Type | Size | Description |
|---|---|---|
int |
4 bytes | Stores whole numbers, without decimals |
float |
4 bytes | Stores fractional numbers, containing one or more decimals. Sufficient for storing 7 decimal digits |
double |
8 bytes | Stores fractional numbers, containing one or more decimals. Sufficient for storing 15 decimal digits |
boolean |
1 byte | Stores true or false values |
char |
1 byte | Stores a single character/letter/number, or ASCII values |
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C++ Numeric Data Types
Use int when you need to store a whole number without decimals, like 35 or 1000, and float or double when you need a floating point number (with decimals), like 9.99 or 3.14515.
int
cout << myNum;
float
cout << myNum;
double
cout << myNum;
Scientific Numbers
A floating point number can also be a scientific number with an "e" to indicate the power of 10:
Example
double d1 = 12E4;
cout << f1;
cout << d1;
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C++ Boolean Data Types
A boolean data type is declared with the bool keyword and can only take the values true or false. When the value is returned, true = 1 and false = 0.
Example
bool isFishTasty = false;
cout << isCodingFun; // Outputs 1 (true)
cout << isFishTasty; // Outputs 0 (false)
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C++ Character Data Types
The char data type is used to store a single character. The character must be surrounded by single quotes, like 'A' or 'c':
Example
cout << myGrade;
Alternatively, you can use ASCII values to display certain characters:
Example
cout << a;
cout << b;
cout << c;
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C++ String Data Types
The string type is used to store a sequence of characters (text). This is not a built-in type, but it behaves like one in its most basic usage. String values must be surrounded by double quotes:
Example
cout << greeting;
To use strings, you must include an additional header file in the source code, the <string> library:
Example
#include <string>
// Create a string variable
string greeting = "Hello";
// Output string value
cout << greeting;
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