United State Medical Licensing Examination (Step 1)

In a medial medullary syndrome that involves a left-sided branch of the anterior spinal artery, which of the following deficits is seen?

A neurologist is performing the neurological examination on a patient who recently suffered a head trauma. You note that, as part of the examination, she uses a cotton swab to touch the upper part of the auricle, the external auditory meatus, and the lobule. The external auditory meatus of the ear is innervated by which of the following?

A 48-year-old male patients is brought to the emergency room because of intense pain of the right face and neck with transient visual loss of the right eye. On examination, the patient has palsy of the oculomotor nerve on the right side with resulting diplopia, along with a right lateralized painful Horner syndrome. This constellation of signs is suggestive of a cervical carotid dissection, which is a separation of the arterial tunical intima from the subjacent tunica media. Which numbered structure in following figure, is the tunica intima?

The structure indicated by arrow 2 in following figure, is which of the following?

A stroke resulting from obstruction of the structure indicated by arrow 1 in following figure, may result in ischemia in which of the following brain regions?

In the brain, the amygdala plays an important role in emotional processing. Patients with lesion of the amygdala display impairment in enhanced perception of emotionally salient events. Which of the following is a major output pathway from the amygdala?

An infant is born anencephalic. He presents without both a forebrain and a cerebrum. The remaining brain tissue is exposed, not covered by bone or skin. The infant is blind, deaf, unconscious, and unable to feel pain. Because the infant has a rudimentary brainstem, reflex actions such as respiration (breathing) and responses to sound or touch occur. However, the lack of a functioning cerebrum permanently rules out the possibility of ever gaining consciousness. Anencephaly is the result of a defect in which of the following?

As the consulting physician to the US Open, you are asked to examine a golfer who complains of increased pain with right wrist flexion and pronation activities. The patient also reports discomfort even when simply shaking hands with someone. Examination reveals also decreased sensation in the territory of the ulnar nerve. Your diagnosis is golfer's elbow, affecting mostly the superficial flexor muscles of the forearm. This group of muscles has a common origin from which of the following bony landmarks?

A professional football player was diving for a touchdown when his face mask was grabbed and wrenched, causing neck hyperextension and rotation to the right. When brought to the sideline, the player complained of a burning sensation radiating down the right upper extremity and neurological examination revealed right lateral weakness of this limb. Movements affected were arm rotation and flexion, elbow flexion, forearm supination, and thumb flexion. The patient is diagnosed with a brachial plexus injury at the level of C6. 29. Which of the following muscles can perform arm and elbow flexion along with forearm supination?

In cleaning the teeth in a patient, a dental hygienist accidentally cuts the gums of the posterior two molar teeth in the lower jaw on the lateral side. The pain of this injury is registered by which of the following nerves?