A beaker containing liquid is placed on a table, underneath a microscope which can be moved along a vertical scale. The microscope is focussed, through the liquid onto a mark on the table when the reading on the scale is . It is next focused on the upper surface of the liquid and the reading is . More liquid is added and the observations are repeated, the corresponding readings are and . The refractive index of the liquid is
A combination of two thin lenses of the same material with focal length and arranged on a common axis minimizes chromatic aberration. If the distance between them is
If denotes a unit vector along incident light ray, a unit vector along refracted ray into a medium of refractive index and unit vector normal to boundary of medium directed towards incident medium, then law of refraction is