The amount of data stored in organizational databases has increased rapidly in recent years due to the rapid advancement of information technologies. A high percentage of these data is sensitive, private and critical to the organizations, their clients and partners. Therefore, databases are usually installed behind internal firewalls, protected with intrusion detection mechanisms and accessed only by applications. To access a database, users have to connect to one of these applications and submit queries through them to the database. The threat to databases arises when these applications do not behave properly and construct these queries without sanitizing user inputs first. Identify the injection attack represented in the diagram below:
SQL injection attack consists of insertion or injection of either a partial or complete SQL query via the data input or transmitted from the client (browser) to the web application. A successful SQL injection attack can:
i)Read sensitive data from the database
iii)Modify database data (insert/update/delete)
iii)Execute administration operations on the database (such as shutdown the DBMS)
iV)Recover the content of a given file existing on the DBMS file system or write files into the file system
v)Issue commands to the operating system
Pen tester needs to perform various tests to detect SQL injection vulnerability. He has to make a list of all input fields whose values could be used in crafting a SQL query, including the hidden fields of POST requests and then test them separately, trying to interfere with the query and to generate an error. In which of the following tests is the source code of the application tested in a non-runtime environment to detect the SQL injection vulnerabilities?
Traceroute is a computer network diagnostic tool for displaying the route (path) and measuring transit delays of packets across an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It sends a sequence of three Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request packets addressed to a destination host. The time-to-live (TTL) value, also known as hop limit, is used in determining the intermediate routers being traversed towards the destination. During routing, each router reduces packets TTL value by