A network element (NE) forwards external traffic through a Virtual Routing and Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) protected gateway interface. If the master goes offline, how does the NE learn to forward traffic to the new master interface?
As cells enter an aPipe service configured for vc-type atm-vcc, how does the ingress Provider Edge (PE) router handle the cell header Virtual Path Identifier/Virtual Channel Identifier (VPI/VCI) values?